Prime Panier. The Field Pup Fixed Blade Knife is a great working knife, being the ideal size, weight, and balance for wilderness camping and big game hunting applications. The Field Pup is a beautiful knife with its high gloss satin finish, typically found only on expensive knives. Some shy away from the Taiwanese models, some prefer to "buy American", while others can't care less about the country of manufacture. 4 ounces; Nylon sheath included. Reviewed in the United States on February 11, 2014. It's the right size and weight, suitable for a variety of outdoor sporting tasks. Camping Checklist: The Essential Guide for Family Camping, 2. Ka-Bar USMC Knife Review: An Iconic American Knife, Spyderco Paramilitary 2 Review: Versatility in Your Pocket. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for SOG Field Pup Fixed Blade Knife at the best online prices at eBay! The 7Cr17MoV stainless steel blade features a drop-point design and a black, non-corrosive finish. Here, your pup can run wildly into the distance, off-leash, while you capture the moment on Instagram, of course. However – previous statistics aside – there are some serious differences to consider. About this item. The spine then begins a long but steady slope down to the tip. The FP3-L Field Pup knife is backed by a lifetime warranty that protects against defects in manufacturing and materials. SOG Field Pup Knife is described by experienced field testers as a great working knife with ideal size, weight, feel and balance for wilderness and hunting applications. Send us your questions and inquiries and we'll get back to you, asap. It can be made prettier, however, if you trade in the Micarta scale handle for one made of exotic Spanish wood. shipping: + $2.99 shipping. $70.00 23 bids + $10.95 shipping . For the common man, a good hardness range is between 56 and 63. SOG originally stood for Studies and Observation Group, an elite military services group designed to handle covert operations during the Vietnam War. ESEE 4 Review: A Knife with a Survival Pedigree. for Outdoor Cam... Wild Turkey Handmade Collection Full Tang Fixed Blade Real Bone Handle Skinner Knif... Wild Turkey Handmade Red Color Wood Handle Fixed Blade Skinner Knife w/Leather Sheath. All CKC Kydex sheath for the SOG Field Pup Product Features. The 7Cr17MoV stainless steel blade features a drop-point design and a black, non-corrosive finish. The full tang blade features a standard edge. First, the upward arc and jimping at the base of the spine make a natural resting place for the thumb, but rather than have the thumb lay flat along the spine, it forces the thumb to apply a small amount of constant pressure – exerting control over slicing, feathering, and other delicate tasks. Weighing in at 9 oz. #DogsOfSF. Į delną įsiliejanti rankena ir geležtės viršuje esančios smulkios įpjovos užtikrina saugų ir patogų naudojimą bet kokiomis sąlygomis. Other ergonomic features include deep finger grooves and thumb notches. The FP3-L Field Pup is a comfortable yet durable addition to the SOG line of fixed blade knives. I purchased this knife because I was having a hard time finding just the right shape for field dressing AND skinning deer. It says “Son, you’re a man today. The SOG Field Pup 1 and 2 may not attract some buyers with its lines but to carry and use them is to love them. $26.00 11 bids + $6.95 shipping . This knife is the perfect size and shape. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. I have used it on every hiking and camping trip since, and enjoy using it so much that it is one of my most heavily used knives in the kitchen. The dedication to producing a knife that can handle delicate tasks as well as heavy-duty jobs is most apparent in the weight and thickness of the SOG Field Pup. 3.55 in. Rarity/Value Guides; Condition Guide; Logo Identification. The landlords of Wonder Dog Rescue's residence in Penngrove, home of Wonder Farm, are selling the property. The 7Cr17MoV stainless steel blade features a drop-point design and a black, non-corrosive finish. The sheath is, overall, quite simple, with a single snap to keep the blade from falling out and another to attach it to your belt. WARNING: You must be 18 or older to purchase cutlery. Lack of extended belly and weight dramatically reduce chopping ability. The Field Pup Fixed Blade Knife is a great working knife, being the ideal size, weight, and balance for wilderness camping and big game hunting applications. However, this process can take decades if the knife is stored in proper conditions and cleaned regularly. A high - gloss beauty ready to get down and dirty! SOG Field Pup (1600×1200) #Knife. At the core of the Field Pup’s identity is it’s unrelenting functionality. 27" Tactical Machete with 3 Fixed Blade Set. Blade Size and Design – You can largely determine a knife’s value based on how well it performs the tasks you need it to. SOG Seal Team Elite Fixed Blade Knife Black Glass-Reinforced Nylon AUS-8 SE37-N. $135.09. Fixed Blade Knives; Folding Knives; Multi-Tools; Rare; Yellowhorse ; Gear & Clothing; Reference Information. Built the perfect size and weight, this outdoor working knife is perfect for a wide variety of outdoor sporting tasks. Spec-wise, the blade is 4” of 7Cr17MoV Stainless Steel with a .13” thickness. All in all, it’s rugged and tough, and will fit the knife like a glove once broken in. Secrets You Don’t Know About Making Money Off-Grid. Satin Finish reduces reflective glare / increases corrosion resistance. The field pup is a great knife for the price, I picked one up at a cabelas when it was discontinued for $14!!! 2 available. Even if your blade is sharp, it's hard to make precise cuts if your knife doesn't fit comfortably in your hand. A leather sheath is included for convenient portability. There's a problem loading this menu right now. Bug Out Bag Essentials List: Our Complete Guide to Build a Good BOB, 4. So while you may not be able to take down a bear with this knife, you’ll sure as heck be able to skin it. SOG® knives are world renown for being rugged, well designed, and exceedingly sharp. Your Budget – Choosing a good knife for your budget isn’t just about going as low as possible and sniffing out deals – it’s about finding the best performing blade for a price you can afford. Unfortunately the steel doesn't hold an edge very well. The Field Pup's handle is ergonomically contoured and crafted from durable Kraton rubber; the textured handle is also slip-free and well-balanced. Please make sure that you are posting in the form of a question. This a nice knife and a very good value. Type. The SOG Field Pup has a very unique looking blade, which – at first glance – can be a bit off-putting for seasoned knife enthusiasts. These compact SOG knives feature a honed 7Cr17MoV stainless steel blade, complete with useful thumb notches along the back side. SOG Field Pup with BLK Powerlock multi-tool new in box FP-60 fixed blade knife. The goal seemed to be to create a knife that would do as much as possible in a single package. Rather than have a flat spin that begins to slope downward upon reaching the point, the first half inch or so of the SOG’s spine slopes upward and boasts some very aggressive jimping. Many users have described it as the perfect “camp chore” knife, as it will baton and hack through whatever you need it to and still have enough of an edge to fillet the fish you caught by the river. And also, I’m about to make you cut the entire front lawn with this knife, just so you never again backtalk me in front of my boss.” SOG Field Pup II Fixed Knife 4.75" Stainless Steel Blade Black Rubber Handle . The Ontario Knife SK-5 Bird Noir is a real black beauty of an outdoor blade. Field Pups. From city to deep woods, desert to the ocean – the blade, steel, handle, and sheath all require consideration depending on your location. Field Pups. SOG FIELD PUP II TiNi (FP6-L) NEW IN BOX - PRICE REDUCED! I love this knife, not if SOG would just to back to using AUS-8 steel I would give this knife 7 stars. $29.84. eBay item number: … Modified drop point blade offers a lot more control for precise work. it feels great in the hand with finger and thumb notches. It's comfortable to use with its slightly yielding Kraton molded handle that form fits the full tang blade. The SOG FP-3N Field Pup is the perfect knife to give to a young man who’s getting a little to big for his britches. Apr 12, 2019 #7 I highly recommend, Reviewed in the United States on October 21, 2011. All in all, this is a rather innovative design for a knife and quite a departure from what is usually expected of survival knives. Blade is coated with powder to keep light from reflecting and protect the finish. (+) Compact and lightweight. I ordered this Thursday @ 4:00pm, 2 day prime shipping from Ill to Tx. No, but it should make you closer at the science behind it. The Field Pup is a beautiful knife with its black TiNi finish, for low reflectivity. Many people often wonder - where are SOG knives made today? Specifically fit to blade. The SOG Field Pup cannot be used as an axe when needed – at least not unless the wood being used is relatively thin, relatively dry, or both. Solid lockup. Cutlery cannot be shipped to Marin, Napa, Ventura and Yolo counties, CA; CO; CT; TN; D.C.; MA or Puerto Rico. All in all, if you want to hold onto your knife, you shouldn’t have too much trouble. Incredible! I carry this knife on my belt everywhere but work where I can only carry a folding knife. Sog Field Pup 1 And Odin Works Gas Block Low Price 2019 Ads, Deals and Sales. SOG Field Pup Fixed Blade KnifeThe Blade: The blade on this knife is made out of 7Cr17MoV steel that has been hardened to a HRC 55-57. If you’re looking for a blade you can carry into battle, into the woods, or on the job, this one is definitely worth a look. This means keeping things like corrosion-resistance, hardness, brittleness, and cost in your mind when choosing a knife. Testez. From chopping to piercing to filleting fish and skinning game – each task is best suited to a particular type of blade. Description. The Field Pup is a modified drop point design, with the main areas of modification being on the back of the spine, near the handle, and on the majority of the cutting edge (or belly). $26.00 +$4.40 shipping. Category: SOG Family Photos. Instead, it features 1075 high carbon steel, which will hold a great edge and be very easy to sharpen, but rust rather quickly unless taken very good care of. All; Auction; Buy It Now; Sort: Best Match. Please remember: worry-free … Great size/shape blade... steel-not so great. The SOG Field Pup fixed blade knife features a high gloss satin finish that you normally only find on high end knives. SOG Field Pup II – patogus ir patikimas peilis, kurį įvertins kiekvienas medžiotojas ir keliautojas. There are alternatives to the SOG Field Pup if you want to check out other options. It's comfortable to use with its slightly yielding Kraton molded handle that form fits the full tang blade. Kraton isn’t perfect of course. Reviewed in the United States on October 24, 2012. The Field Pup also comes with a leather sheath to keep it protected. Condition. SOG's trademarked The Field Pup Fixed Blade Knife is a great working knife, being the ideal size, weight, and balance for wilderness camping and big game hunting applications. The designers and blade artisans over at SOG designed the Field Pup to be a versatile and reliable tool in the field. Feels solid in my hand. Picture Information. Skip to main content. $12.50 3 bids + shipping . Indented belly on the blade for better slicing. Compte et listes Compte Retours et Commandes. Unable to add item to List. I bought this as a replacement to the nylon sheath that came with my Seal Pup. The kind of ugly girl who cooks good. http://www.sog-knives.net/sog-knife.php?prodnum=FP5-LStable, strong, and versatile are all words that describe the SOG Field Pup II FP5-L knife. 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Spanish company Bushcraft has been exporting some quality stuff over the past few years, and one of them is their Survival Hunting Knife. The only major complaints have come from people who claim the handle (and the knife, for that matter) is just too small for their big hands. Those who don’t want to perform such duties in the field may want to switch up for a different material. The Sog Field Pup is an excellent blade that offers a lot of versatility. About SOG: Strong, Innovative, Specialty Tools SOG originally stood for Studies and Observation Group, an elite joint services military group designed to handle covert operations during the Vietnam War. SOG Field Pup 2 Sheath. The full-tang blade of these knives is incredibly sharp, highly useful for mundane outdoor tasks like whittling wood, hacking through rope, and cutting notches. For more details on the SOG Field Pup click the link below. to be an exceptional product for sharpening all of my knives. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. It will also be deadly silent, which – combined with the non-reflective coating on the blade – increases the Field Pup’s potential as a stealth weapon. Couteau SOG Field Pup II Lame Acier 7Cr17MoV Manche Kraton Etui Cuir SOGFP6L - Couteaux Tactiques et de Combats (5842408) - Achat et vente de matériel et … His journey as a prepper began when Hurricane Katrina hit and he lost his job due to the 2008 economic crisis. The durable blade and rugged rubber grip make it great for outdoor applications like hunting and fishing. SOG Specialty Knives & Tools FP3-L Field Pup, 4-Inch Fixed Blade Knife with Leather Sheath, Satin, 4-Inch straight edge satin polished stainless steel blade, Grippy and comfortable Kraton rubber handle, Previous page of related Sponsored Products, Reviewed in the United States on May 20, 2016. The folks at SOG must be reading knife blogs because they went straight to leather for the Field Pup’s sheath where the majority of manufacturers can barely be bothered with a reliable piece of plastic or nylon. item 3 SOG FIELD PUP II TiNi (FP6-L) NEW IN BOX - PRICE REDUCED! It's the right size and weight, suitable for a variety of outdoor sporting tasks. To that point, the SOG Field Pup may be a significant exception. Weighing in at 9 oz. Get the best deals on sog field pup when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Share on Twitter; Share on Facebook; Pin this product; Share via Email; Very Rare Limited Production Field Pup I. Generous thumb jimping for an added grip. Full tang design with a grippy, Kraton handle. Skip to navigation Skip to content Menu. Below, we’ll take an in-depth look at the SOG Field Pup to see how well they accomplished their task. SOG's trademarked f Just the right combination of size and weight, this outdoor sporting knife is comfortable to hold with its Kraton molded handle and is very strong. Was looking for a good every day carry fixed blade, Reviewed in the United States on June 10, 2015, Was looking for a good every day carry fixed blade. ESEE 5 Review: An Outstanding Knife for Survival, Benchmade Infidel Review: OTF Knives at Its Finest, Benchmade 940 Review: An Acclaimed Knife by Enthusiasts, Zero Tolerance 0450 Review: A High-End EDC Blade, Benchmade Barrage Review: A Reliable EDC Knife. Reviewed in the United States on April 28, 2012. It’s comfortable to use with its slightly yielding Kraton molded handle that form fits the full tang blade. I love being a Prime shipping member. Can handle both detailed work and heavy stuff. $27.00 + $4.40 shipping . The 7Cr17MoV stainless steel blade features a drop-point design and a black, non-corrosive finish. Free shipping . Good palm swell on the handle helps it fit large hands. CKC Kydex sheath for the SOG Field Pup 2 Product Features Handmade Custom Crafted... ckckssfptwo: $32.49. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. Kraton is extremely tough, resisting chemicals, heat, and weathering quite well. SOG Seal Team Elite Fixed Blade Knife Black Glass-Reinforced Nylon AUS-8 SE37-N. $135.09. Find answers in product info, Q&As, reviews. That made him realize that everything can change for the worst in a very short time. 5” full-tang blade with 5” of Micarta scales behind it. The SOG Field Pup II fixed blade knife features a high gloss satin finish that you normally only find on high end knives. The World’s Leading Resource of Rare, Vintage & Collectible SOG Specialty Knives and Tools. SOG® knives are world renown for being rugged, well designed, and exceedingly sharp. Search for: ... Home / SOG Family Photos / Field Pups. The program enables us to earn money by linking to amazon.com and affiliated websites. Recommend highly ! Top subscription boxes – right to your door, Lansky 4-rod Turn Box Crock Stick Sharpener (LCD5D), © 1996-2020, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Survival Skills 101: What They Are and Why You Need Them, 6. The Sog Field Pup is an excellent blade that offers a lot of versatility. The SOG Field Pup is not a “knock-your-socks-off” survival blade, but that doesn’t mean that it won’t perform the vast majority of tasks assigned to it (and then some). The World’s Leading Resource of Rare, Vintage & Collectible SOG Specialty Knives and Tools. The full tang blade features a standard edge. See also: Tom Brown Tracker Knife Review: A High-End Knife for Survival. The 7Cr17MoV Stainless Steel blade is only .13” thick, which will help it feather and carve with the best of them. I received the Chinese manufactured one with the leather sheath and 7Cr17MoV steel, and have not tried the Taiwanese version with AUS8 steel and the nylon sheath. However, with the blade being only 4” long and not very thick, is it too thin for batoning and prying? Save money. item 2 SOG Field Pup 2 Black Fixed Blade Knife FP6L 1 - SOG Field Pup 2 Black Fixed Blade Knife FP6L. After all, what we want in a knife isn’t just defined by the characteristics of the knife itself, but by circumstances outside our control, such as where we live, our budget, and our particular needs in different situations. Passer au contenu principal.fr. Bear Grylls Survival Knife Review: It’s Worth Your Money? Amazon.com: sog field pup 2 - Free Shipping by Amazon. Rugged Kydex Exterior. This is a high quality knife , well put together , with excellent ergonomics , and holds a keen edge even after heavy use . The PUP II boasts one piece construction and the handle is molded Kraton that covers a full tang. Last edited: Mar 23, 2019. The Field Pup is a beautiful knife with its high gloss satin finish, typically found only on expensive knives. It has held its edge well through my use of it and I can only imagine how great of a knife the latter one is. CKC Kydex sheath for the SOG Field Pup Product Features Handmade Custom Crafted Sheath.... ckckssfp: $29.99. We have been selling outdoor survival gear like the SOG Knives KYDM40 at discount My microtech d2 steel knife went 1.5 deer before needing sharpening but I'm not a big fan of the tanto for cleaning deer. Still, there are contenders for the crown, and one such contender is the SOG Field Pup, a medium-sized fixed blade knife that’s proved to be as versatile as it is affordable. I purchased this knife back in 2015 after comparing dozens of knives in local stores. rkcolt45 Scout. Does this curse every knife that features it? 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