Used as indirect pulp capping paste when mixed with ZnO powder and this showed similar effect of ZnO and Eugenol as secondary dentin formation. Nonetheless, the performance of both stability and flow remained within the acceptable limits. As a potential unbound capping or subbase material, the grading of SSA was distinguished as much finer than the particle size distribution envelope limits for Type 1 and 2 unbound mixtures and capping material from the SHW Series 800 (Highways England, 2009). When this procedure is applied successfully, it eliminates the need for alternative, more invasive treatments. Two types of pulp-capping materials, calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate, have been Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. In fact, Biodentine is primarily offered as a material for pulp capping, so will be dealt with in detail in the current chapter, though its additional potential uses in clinical dentistry will also be described. Priyanka Rani, ... Amit Kumar Nayak, in Applications of Nanocomposite Materials in Dentistry, 2019. Direct Pulp Capping: Which is the Most Effective Biomaterial? Once the FGD cap is constructed, the site can be resoiled and revegetated. The following materials have been studied as potential materials for direct pulp capping. It is by far the oldest type of calcium hydroxide and has a long history of clinical success. The maximum limits at which the material is considered to be unsound are also given for each test. In the example, a polycrystalline silicon germanium (poly-SiGe) capping layer is deposited on top of a silicon dioxide sacrificial layer (Helin et al., 2011). direct and indirect pulp capping, or as an endodontic repair material. First, the affected tooth is isolated from the rest of the mouth to prevent contamination (usually with a thin, flexible barrier called a dental dam), and the decay is removed. Direct pulp capping is a procedure in which an exposed dental pulp is covered with a protective dressing or cement that protects the pulp from ad- ditional injury and permits healing and repair (1). If the pulp appears infected or symptomatic, the dentist may decide a root canal is the best treatment option. 2019; 12(20):3382. A Retrospective Clinical Study. Capping of the inflamed pulp. If it works, dentin should regenerate over the pulp cap in 1 to 3 months. direct contact with) pulp, their use as direct pulp capping agents is generally contraindicated in the literature.1,29,37,38 Clearly, the remaining dentin thickness, which is very difficult to access clinically, has an effect on the pulpal response to any indirect pulp capping material.38 The … Int J Clin Exp Med. In the present study, 3 capping materials were used and compared in terms of promoting pulp … For example, Apexit sets in about 2 h at 100% relative humidity [39], whereas Sealapex takes 2–3 weeks to set under the same conditions [45,46]. Engineered NPs are invariably surrounded by a shell or capping material that acts as a stabilizing, biocompatibility and/or reactivity agent. Direct pulp capping should not be performed on a pulp that has been exposed as a result of penetrating caries. J.J. Damele, Clinical evaluation of indirect pulp capping: Progress report J Dent Res 40: (1961) 756- 12. If pulp tissue is exposed, bleeding will occur from the pulp. Direct pulp capping (DPC) is considered a way to enhance pulp healing and induce reparative dentin. Li Wu Zheng, ... Ru Qing Yu, in Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 2019. Direct Pulp capping is done mostly when there is accidental exposure of Pulp either by any Trauma or by accidental exposure by the dentist. As a hydraulically bound component, three approaches have been adopted: SSA mixed with fresh concrete at contents of 15% and 30%, which was subsequently hardened and crushed to produce a base course material; SSA as a partial fine aggregate component at contents up to 40% in a concrete slab; SSA as a stabilisation additive with cement or hydrated lime to treat soft soils (dealt with in Chapter 7). It was concluded that one advantage of SEC is the possibility of direct/immediate postcolumn optical and electrochemical analysis of collected fractions using an automated setup (e.g., with UV–vis coupled directly to chromatography) [5]. By contrast, exposure due to a mechanical misadventure during tooth preparation does not necessarily result in bacterial invasion. 30. However, the pulpal response appears as unpredictable dentin bridging, and diminished inflammation was documented in the literature. Direct pulp-capping is a method for treating exposed vital pulp with dental material to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and to maintain vital pulp. direct contact with) pulp, their use as direct pulp capping agents is generally contraindicated in the literature.1,29,37,38 Clearly, the remaining dentin thickness, which is very difficult to access clinically, has an effect on the pulpal response to any indirect pulp capping material.38 The … Direct Pulp Caps. Is it worth it? Direct pulp-capping is a method for treating exposed vital pulp with dental material to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and to maintain vital pulp. While many dentists are hesitant to perform direct pulp capping procedures due to previously unpredictable results with conventional materials, MTA is a more predictable and reliable material for direct pulp capping teeth, with reversible pulpitis, as borne out by numerous clinical and histological studies. Leakage appears to be related to both the solubility of the material and the questionable adhesion to both the dentine walls and the gutta percha points. Due to space limitations, details of these materials will not be discussed here. Rehoboth reclamation site. Coal refuse piles are comprised mainly of the coal shales that encased the coal seam prior to the coal extraction. First, the affected tooth is isolated from the rest of the mouth to prevent contamination (usually with a thin, flexible barrier called a dental dam), and the decay is removed. The choice of an appropriate restorative material to reduce bacterial microleakage can increase the success of direct pulp capping (19, 38-40). Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2:•The most common direct pulp-capping agent •Antibacterial anddisinfects the superficial pulp •High pH (about 12.5) Pure Calcium hydroxide 18 19. Compend Contin Educ Dent. Surface coating can affect the charge on the NP, which in turn can affect the affinity of the material to the cell surface [20]. All the steps of this procedure are important, but the most important, in ,y opinion, is the isolation of the operative field. (B) Reclaimed site with FGD pond liner. a material for direct pulp capping, and it has shown good. Leached concentrations with SSA as a partial fine aggregate fully satisfied the more lenient hazardous classification limits. A particular advantage of calcium hydroxide sealers is their anti-bacterial nature, a feature which is related to their high pH. In this study, we assessed the biocompatibility and bioactivity of various pulp capping materials—ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Biodentine (Septodont), TheraCal LC (Bisco), and Dycal (Dentsply Caulk)—on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The resilient modulus was 10–25% lower with SSA as a complete filler compared to limestone. Bleeding can be controlled by placing a cotton pellet soaked in either saline or dilute sodium hypochlorite solution on the exposed pulp [1,16], and judgement is needed to assess its seriousness and whether it is likely to compromise the quality of the seal obtained when the direct capping material is placed. Direct pulp capping in an immature incisor using a new bioactive material Sham S. Bhat , Sundeep K. Hegde , Fardin Adhikari , and Vidya S. Bhat 1 Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India Nanomaterials tend to have either a range of net negative charge (low to high) or a positive charge (low to high). The solution was linearly aggregated by NaCl and isolated by centrifugation. Selecting the best materials for either of these pulp-capping processes is critical. (A) Prior to reclamation. Typical cyanoacrylate products contain ethyl cyanoacrylate, isobutyl cyanoacrylate, or N-butyl-cyanoacrylate. Direct pulp capping is a procedure in which a medicament, dressing, or dental material is placed directly over exposed dental pulp to preserve its vitality. Modification of nonmagnetic molecules and ions using chelators such as glutathione and dopamine to superparamagnetic particles has been demonstrated to immobilize and preconcentrate with chemical extraction plus magnetic recovery. The major benefits include good. De Wolf, ... S. Sangameswaran, in Handbook of Mems for Wireless and Mobile Applications, 2013. 19 The major causes of post-operative inflammation and pulp necrosis are non-sterile procedures and bacterial micro-infiltration of the pulp via dentinal tubules. A 2008 site review found the site to be in excellent overall condition, with only a few small areas exhibiting erosion features (Butalia et al., 2010; see Fig. • 4- Bioaggregate. Practice Implications.Vital pulp therapy using MTA is a treatment option for teeth diagnosed with a condition no more severe than reversible pulpitis. The layer will undergo calcification eventually and it is called a dentine-bridge. 8); Cavit-G was then placed over this to serve as a provisional restorative material, and seven days after the procedure the patient was evaluated to Ravindra K. Dhir OBE, ... Rui V. Silva, in Sustainable Construction Materials, 2018. However, surface coating is not solely the factor that determines surface charge; the overall charge depends on the primary core. If pulp tissue is exposed, bleeding will occur from the pulp. 10. degeneration and formation of protective … The pulp exposure is covered by the capping material (A), the protective base of … On the other hand, if there is a direct exposure to the pulp, treatment with direct pulp capping requires careful and specific selection of the pulp capping material. Magnetic particles as an absorbent have shown a clear perception on capturing environmental contaminants such as metal ions and hydrophobic organic compounds. Unfortunately, most new products … It is composed of resin and calcium silicate. To this end the exposed pulpal tissue, including the tissue present in the pulp chamber, is covered with a capping material. ZOE, GI, RMGI and adhesives are poor pulp capping agents. Calcium hydroxide materials have variable setting times. As the He diffuses out of the cavity (either through the poly-SiGe cap which is to be studied or through the SiO2), the pressure drops and thus the Q increases. This material causes the formation of a 1–1.5 mm thick necrosis layer in the superficial pulp. In addition, old abandoned unplugged steel well casings can deteriorate over time, eventually corroding away due to water Indirect Pulp Cap. Calcium hydroxide materials have a number of advantages when used in this application. T.J. Hilton1*, J.L. Calcium Hydroxide remains the gold standard for pulp capping, and MTA displays equivalent results in short term studies. For trimer isolation, most of the monomers and dimers were removed along excess CsCl. Increased bleeding is generally associated with inflammation, so that substantial bleeding may indicate extensive infection, which itself is a sign that there is reduced capacity for induced repair of the exposure [1]. [26] Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in concentrations 2.5-5.25% when placed on an exposed pulp, in addition to being ideal for hemorrhage control, provides asepsis. However, because of the association of some cases of contact allergy, onychodystrophy, and eczema with ethyl-2-cyanoacrylatenone, these compounds have been accepted as a practicable technique [62]. (a) Schematic cross-section of the test structure, (b) Measured Q as a function of time during evacuation of a He-filled cavity, for two different lengths of the diffusion path. In addition to gutta-percha, sealer cements are also needed in root canal filling procedures. This systematic review is reported using the PRISMA guidelines (Moher et al. In the experiment, the test structure is placed in a pure He atmosphere of 1000 mbar for 12 h. Since it is known that He will diffuse through the SiO2 layer, the He pressure in the cavity is 1000 mbar after this dwell time. T. Butalia, ... P. Amaya, in Coal Combustion Products (CCP's), 2017. Likewise, few NPs have been separated or concentrated with magnetic NPs as sorbents. 11. Chapter 9 Endodontic materials. A composite of 2-methylpropyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate and TCP ceramic was investigated as a direct pulp capping material. At the time the coal was mined, these wastes, which have a lower thermal value than the coal, were discarded onsite. These materials can be generally classified into two groups: materials used to maintain the vitality of the pulp (pulp capping materials), and materials used to disinfect (irrigants and intracanal medicaments) and fill the pulp in root canal therapy. This is because caries penetration is inevitably associated with bacterial invasion, and therefore results in infection and inflammation of the pulp [10]. Commonly used irrigants and intracanal medicaments include 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (as a disinfectant or antimicrobial), EDTA (as a chelating agent and lubricant), chlorhexidine (antimicrobial), non-setting calcium hydroxide (as an antibacterial agent), and some antibiotics and anti-inflammation drugs (non-setting Ledermix paste). Calcium hydroxide (CaOH) has been considered the “gold standard” of direct pulp-capping materials for several decades (Baume and Holz, 1981; Camp and Fuks, 2006; Hilton, 2009). It is also based on calcium silicate but is formulated to set more rapidly than MTA, a change that does not alter its high alkalinity. The procedure usually requires a follow-up visit after several weeks to see if the dentin is developing as expected. Gutta-percha point is one of the application of gutta-percha, warm lateral or vertical condensation can be applied to it to soften and compact it. 10. Despite SSA mixes achieving indirect tensile strength ratios on par with cement, hydrated lime and limestone used as fillers, in one case a stripping agent was needed to meet the target performance with 100% SSA as filler. It gives excellent clinical results and is currently typically used in association with some sort of glass-ionomer cement. 6.5. The most surprising piece of information regarded the removal of all the affected dentin prior to pulp capping. Resin-Modified Calcium Silicate Pulp Protectant/Liner TheraCal LC is a light-cured, resin-modified calcium silicate liner designed for use in direct and indirect pulp capping, as a protective liner under composites, amalgams, cements, and other base materials. In an investigation, specific clustering of two or three NPs has been done by encapsulating the assembled AuNP clusters with polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid), which is still imperfect until the high purity products are isolated. Kits. • 5- Biodentin • 6- Bonding systems. In 1970, Langer et al. The cement is used to act as a liner to provide a reliable seal against the ingress of bacteria, and is needed because calcium hydroxide alone is unable to provide an adequate seal [1]. Advantages of a successful direct pulp capping are numerous, including the avoidance of more extensive treatment, such as root canal treatment or extraction. results in clinical trials. The properties and clinical performances of four calcium-silicate cements (ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, RetroMTA, Biodentine), a light-cured c … Calcium hydroxide (CaOH) has been considered the “gold standard” of direct pulp-capping materials for several decades (Baume and Holz, 1981; Camp and Fuks, 2006; Hilton, 2009). Direct puip capping The cleaner tooth surface could also conceivably allow better adaptation of the restorative material and hence reduce microleakage (37). However, there have been some adverse reports [37], and these variations have been attributed to crucial differences in experimental methods [38]. Harold R. Stanley, LIDS, MS,” Gainesville, Fla. On the other hand, if there is a direct exposure to the pulp, treatment with direct pulp capping requires careful and specific selection of the pulp capping material. Nanoseparation using magnetic NPs is simple and has overcome the issues faced by the conventional techniques [10]. Consequently, it shares with MTA the features of being both bactericidal and bioactive. This chapter examined the potential for the use of SSA in road pavement applications. 9. A direct pulp cap is done on permanent teeth when the removal of deep decay results in exposing the pulp. Pulp capping Material • 1- Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2. In direct capping with this paste showed no pulp . 28,29. The setting versions of calcium hydroxide materials can be either self-cured or light-cured versions, though light-cured materials are not recommended for direct pulp capping. Established brands continue to be made available for practitioners, and clearly find favour with certain members of the profession.
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