It appealed to its members for very different reasons although the rising influence of the Soviet Union and that of Arab nationalism were widely shared. Similarly, it was known as the 'Northern Tier' to prevent Soviet expansion into the Middle East. Although the United States was still not a member of the organization, it did sign bilateral military aid treaties with Pakistan, Iran and Turkey, ensuring that it would continue to be active in supporting the CENTO members. The Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organisation (METO), was a military alliance of the Cold War. The Pact’s purpose was the “maintenance of peace and security in the Middle East region” (Preamble) and called on member-states to “cooperate for their security and defense” (Article 1) and to “refrain from any interference whatsoever in each other’s internal affairs” (Article 3). Formed as an alternative to the existing Socialist International, of which many of its member parties are former or current members. Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom join the Baghdad Pact. Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), formerly Middle East Treaty Organization, or Baghdad Pact Organization, mutual security organization dating from 1955 to 1979 and composed of Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. In 1979, the Iranian revolution led to the overthrow of the shah and Iran's withdrawal from CENTO. They felt the US and UK were more interested in the pact as an anti-Soviet alliance than as a way of improving the economy of the region. The Collapse of the Baghdad Pact (1958-59) Conclusion Appendices Bibliography Index. This book explores the formation of the Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American defence policies in the Middle East, 1950-1959. Yet, despite the shah’s unquestionable sense of Soviet and Communist danger, he saw a unique opportunity in the alliance for the preservation of his throne (Ramazani, 1975, p. 276). Iran preferred to build strong relations with US at the time and signed this pact neglecting Soviet Union offer to sign fifty years non-aggression pact. BAGHDAD PACT, popular name for the 1955 pro-Western defense alliance between Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. Iraq’s consequent withdrawal from the Pact, henceforth the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), led to the transfer of the International Secretariat from Baghdad to Ankara, Turkey. The Baghdad Pact: Origins and Political Setting, London, 1956. The Shah of Iran was shaken, fearing a similar fate for himself and viewing the upheaval in Baghdad as a “clear and imminent” source of threats to regional stability (Ramazani, 1975, p. 281). In response to these developments, the United States invoked the 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine as justification for intervening in Lebanon. Modeled after the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), CENTO committed the nations to mutual cooperation and protection, as well as non-intervention in each other's affairs. For Pakistan, the Pact was intended to balance relations with India and help it benefit from Western economic largesse. When asked if he would press for public statements on Durand Line and Kashmir at upcoming Pact meeting in Tehran, Prime Minister said he felt he must do so. Although it was not an official member, the United Statesalso, in effect, participated. This book explores the formation of the Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American defence policies in the Middle East, 1950-1959. The Baghdad Pact was renamed CENTO (Central Treaty Organisation) in 1959 after Iraq pulled out and Ankara in Turkey became its headquarters. Answer: In 1955, Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Iran and Pakistan signed a pact known as Baghdad pact. It was formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and the United Kingdom and dissolved in 1979. The United States signed individual agreements with each of the nations in the Pact, but it did not formally join. The pact also provided for a permanent council to be set up when a total of four members belonged.2 Subsequently the Baghdad Pact, as it came to be called, was over-whelmingly accepted by the Iraqi Parliament. Waldemar J. Gallman, Iraq under General Nuri, Baltimore, 1964, pp. At the height of the Cold War, the Middle East, with strategic bases bordering the Soviet Union, vital communications links, and significant oil wealth, represented a valuable region for Western interests. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. Similar to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, the main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and foster peace in the Middle East. Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan withdrew in 1979, spelling the end of CENTO. Iraq, as the original opponent of Arab nationalism, goaded Cairo to stand in the way of the pro-Western alliance. Turkey and Pakistan signed an agreement in 1954 to increase security and stability in the region. Idem, Iran’s Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations, Charlottesville, 1975, pp. 1954 February: Turkey signed a Pact of Mutual Cooperation with Pakistan. This pact, signed in 1955, was a promise by conservative Middle-Eastern nations, like Turkey, Jordan, Iraq, and Pakistan, to remain faithful to the American, non- Communist, camp. Barring such action by USG to swing neutrals into Pact alignment, Prime Minister wants maximum political, economic and military support for Baghdad Pact members especially emphasizing joint responsibility and cooperation in planning.. The Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organisation (METO), was a military alliance of the Cold War.
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